Terrorism, Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in Africa and the Middle East

Report (PDF)

Spanish version (PDF)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The dynamics of the illicit economy surrounding human exploitation have intensified among criminal actors, extending to those with extremist political agendas. This association has linked the exploitation of vulnerable individuals to terrorist activities. The proceeds from these crimes have directly and indirectly supported terrorist agendas, perpetuating a continuous cycle of exploitation that is difficult to dismantle. Terrorist groups, like many other non-state armed actors, have shown significant interest in the human exploitation industry due to its multifunctional capabilities, using it as both an operational and financial tactic. This interest has led them to incorporate organized crime activities into their operations. Consequently, regardless of military setbacks or territorial losses in certain areas, terrorism remains one of the most active perpetrators of crimes associated with “modern slavery”. This includes sexual crimes against women and children, forced recruitment, and activities of intimidation and indoctrination. This report analyzes the links between terrorism and organized crime dedicated to human trafficking and smuggling. Based on a comprehensive analysis of information from open sources, local sources, and public security agencies, the study aims to update and solidify the existing relationship and identify ways to combat this hybrid relationship.